Guide to Diapause in Ants in Canada
What is diapause?
Diapause is a period of biological rest during which ant activity slows down considerably. This phenomenon is particularly observed in species living in temperate climates, such as in Canada, where winter imposes harsh conditions. During diapause, queens stop or reduce their egg-laying, and workers become less active.
Why is it important?
Diapause allows ants to:
Regulate their metabolism and thus save their energy in cold weather.
Increase their longevity , particularly for the queen who benefits from this biological rest.
Improve the success rate of foundations , respecting the natural cycle of the species.
Some species of ants, especially those from tropical climates, do not require diapause and can be raised year-round at stable temperatures.
Which species require diapause in Canada?
Among the local species requiring diapause, we find:
Lasius niger (black garden ant)
Camponotus pennsylvanicus (large black carpenter ant)
Formica fusca (wood ant)
Tetramorium immigrans (recommended but not mandatory)
Myrmica spp. (red ants living in humid environments)
Exotic species such as Camponotus floridanus or Pheidole spp. do not require diapause and must be kept at a constant temperature.
How to prepare for diapause?
Gradually reduce the temperature : Gradually move from room temperature (24-26°C) to around 15°C over a period of 1 to 2 weeks.
Reduce feeding : Ants eat less during diapause, so it is normal to reduce their intake.
Place the colonies in a cool place :
A refrigerator (5-10°C) is often used.
A cellar, an unheated garage or a shed can be suitable if the temperature there is stable.
Monitor humidity : Water remains essential, especially if the colony is in a test tube. Check regularly that there is no drying out.
Duration of diapause
Typically 3 to 5 months (November to March on average, depending on local temperatures).
Some species, such as Lasius niger and Camponotus pennsylvanicus , need at least 3 months for a good life cycle.
Too short a diapause can harm the queen's fertility and slow the growth of the colony.
Coming out of diapause
Raise the temperature gradually (from 10°C to 24°C over 1 to 2 weeks).
Slowly reintroduce feeding with sweetened liquids before introducing protein.
Observe the resumption of activity : The ants start exploring again and the queen starts laying eggs again after a few days to weeks.
Conclusion
Respecting diapause is essential for local species in Canada. By simulating their natural cycle, we ensure their health and optimal development. If you have doubts about the need for diapause for your species, it is always best to refer to the natural conditions of their original habitat.
Have you ever experienced diapause with your colonies? Share your experience and tips with us! 😊🐜
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